Writing Of The Discipline Of Accounting - 1627 Words

Writing in the Discipline of Accounting Eduardo Salabert Durham Technical Community College Abstract This research focuses on the career of accountants in order to find some of the types of writing done in their field. It is also to help me better understand what accountants do and what types of writing are required as this is a career in which I am pursuing a degree. The methods used to gather information for this research were from primary resources: one email interview, also shadowing an accountant in order to experience what it feels like actually doing some of the tasks and secondary research: three articles from the web describing the types of writing and what information is portrayed in them. Each of the primary and secondary research completed helps me understand writing in the accounting field and how I feel about the career. Writing in the Discipline of Accounting Early in 9th grade I began to show an interest in the business world. One of my family members was finishing her Bachelor’s in Business Administration and she would tell me key points of her lectures and I would write it down and study it. As I progressed through high school I started to gain an interest of how business transactions are done and who keeps record of it so that the company can be successful. That’s when I started researching the field of accounting. Accountants have one of the most crucial jobs in any small company or corporation and it’s oftenShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Writing A Business s Health891 Words   |  4 PagesWriting plays a significant role in many disciplines in the workforce. Some believe that in accounting, writing does not take place at all. This is far from the truth. In fact, when it comes to accounting, writing is very important. It is the inspector in a business’s health. It is used to tell people the status of a business, address the problems, and provide answers. In this essay, we will try to convey the important role writing takes in accounting. We will show its purpose, its content, and theRead MoreThe Writing And Job Prospects Of Accounting1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis report contains information relating to accounting. It talks about the writing and job prospects of accounting and concludes with if I think this career is suitable for me. I will go into detail on why I chose it. I looked up various websites, used a few writing centers, and watched a lecture for an Accounting 121 class and used the information obtained to provide an overview of what accounting requires and what it is like. From this information, I concluded that education is a very importantRead MoreFree Papers992 Words   |  4 Pagespapers, free high school papers and free university papers as sample/example papers for writing your own academic paper but not for downloading purposes. Beware of these websites because they can spoil your academic repute. 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We also provide writing facilities for money but we keep 100% plagiarism free papers such as plagiarism free termRead MoreWriting Across And Against The Curriculum1159 Words   |  5 Pages Young, Art. â€Å"Writing Across and Against the Curriculum.† College Composition and Communication. 54.3 (2003): 472-485. Art Young, in the article â€Å"Writing Across and Against the Curriculum,† proposes an innovative and effective approach to promoting language skills and critical thinking amongst college students. As an English professor, Young describes a project in which his campus used poetry across the curriculum to stimulate learning in a variety of subjectRead MoreThe Factors of a Good Fraud Examiner926 Words   |  4 PagesThe development of fraud examiner/forensic accounting profession since the 2001 Enron Fraud After the Enron and WorldCom business climate, there came a new US federal law called Sarbanes – Oxley Act. The SOX contains 11 titles that describe specific mandates and requirements for financial reporting. It makes corporate executives more accountable for their actions. Companies invested a tremendous amount of resources, time, and effort in order to comply with the requirements. It clearly improved theRead MorePersonal Audit : The Five Personal Values In Career Management1338 Words   |  6 Pagesare as follows: 1. Balance: It helps me to balance the personal and professional life. It guides me set boundaries. 2. Generosity: I believe in giving is truly living. It keeps me happy. 3. Honesty: It helps me earn the trust of many people. 4. Discipline: It keeps me stuck to rules and regulation. 5. Perseverance: It keeps me motivated to move towards to my career goal despite of failure and difficulties. Values are essential to un-clutter someone’s life (Whittaker 2016). The ways we interact andRead MoreOverview of accounting analysis1529 Words   |  7 PagesHOMEWORK 3: DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 1. A finance student states, â€Å"I don’t understand why anyone pays any attention  to accounting earnings numbers, given that a ‘clean’ number like cash from operations is readily available.† Do you agree? Why or why not? I disagree with the finance student, because net income forecasts future cash flow and is informative. a. Net income forecasts future cash flow better than current cash flow, and does so by recording transactions associated with cash consequencesRead MoreTeaching Materials For After School Program908 Words   |  4 Pagesconsultant to close the file. What were your significant achievements and contributions this term? While doing data entry and analysis, I strengthened the skills of advance Excel and basic VBA coding. I have also got a chance to learn Simply Accounting software and how to operate it effectively. With those valuable experiences, I believe I have shown my ability to work with a minimal supervision as well as in the team environment. Please discuss the academic concepts from your studies that wereRead MoreThe Attributes of a High Quality Accounting Standard1137 Words   |  5 Pagesattributes of a high quality accounting standard? Globalization is a fact of life in today’s worldwide economy. They are many barriers to achieving a true global market; one of these barriers has to do with accounting standards or the presentation of accounting information. Various users have diverse needs for financial information. Companies in different parts of the world had their own methods in preparing their financial statements. Trying to compare the accounting rules of these different companies

Is The Revolution Inevitable Essay - 2593 Words

Is The Revolution Inevitable? Philosophers have interpreted the world in various ways, the point, however, is to change it. - Marx (1888, para. 11) Marx’s proposition about the role of philosophers in ‘changing the world’ is one of his most oft quoted lines yet it was written early in his personal intellectual and philosophical development. It is the 11th note in his Thesis on Feuerbach (1888) and seemingly expresses Marx at his most revolutionary if by ‘revolutionary’ we mean allotting a degree of importance to the role of conscious in human action in radically transforming socio-political structures. These early notes give us an in-sight into Marx’s initial ideas that would then come to be more roundly expressed in The German Ideology (1932) and, critically, The Communist Manifesto (1848). Marx was perhaps at his most ‘revolutionary’ in his youth because, at other times, he seemingly rejects the idea that intellectual interpretations and human actions are the principle factors in transforming society. For example, in the Communist Manifesto he writes, â€Å"[†¦] the theoretical conclusions of the Communists are in no way based on ideas or principles that have been invented, or discovered, by this or that would-be universal reformer. They merely express, in general terms, actual relations springing from an existing class struggle, from a historical movement going on under our very eyes† (1848, p. 50). This paper will argue the case for reading a line between these twoShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution Was Inevitable2263 Words   |  10 PagesUltimately, the French Revolution was inevitable. The people of France were growing increasingly more upset with treatment they received from the upper and royal classes, mainly due to special privileges and weakened punishments for people of aristocratic families. Further fueling the fire, Louis XVI, the reigning king at the time, had recently levied a new land tax to solve France’s financial issues. The nation’s public banded together to eliminate unjust ruling in their country o nce and forRead MoreWas the American Revolution Inevitable? Essay examples1058 Words   |  5 Pagesaround each other then the War for Independence still would have happened, but the success and growth during and after the war would have never happened. It was never a sure thing whether or not the people would come together to move the American Revolution forward. The American War for Independence was unstoppable, the colonists who wanted to break away from England have gradually increased in numbers over the years, starting from the French and Indian War. After the war was over and the BritishRead MoreWhy Did Jefferson Argue That Religious Freedom Is Needed?893 Words   |  4 PagesHIS10500ONLNEOL11 September 18, 2015 Was the American Revolution Inevitable? The article â€Å"Was the American Revolution Inevitable?† is a publication written by Dr. Francis D. Cogliano, a senior docent in American History at the University of Edinburgh and occupies itself with the American Revolution during the eighteenth century. This document, a secondary source electronically published on September 18, 2015, was written long time after the American Revolution occurred. Thereby, Dr. Francis D. Cogliano answerRead MoreEverything Flows By Vasily Grossman1255 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the idea and image of the Revolution stems Capitalism, Leninism, and Stalinism. Grossman contends that freedom is an inexorable occurrence and that â€Å"to live means to be free†, that it is simply the nature of human kind to be free (200-204). The lack of freedom expresses a lack of humanity in Russia, and though freedom never dies, if freedom does not exist in the first place, then it has no chance to be kept alive. Through Grossman’s employment of the Revolution and the ideas that stem from itRead MoreAmerica s Founding Of The United States Of America933 Words   |  4 PagesThe often told story of America’s founding begins the Founding fathers waged a revolution and created a unique place called the United States of America. This story may include the early Jamestown colony and puritan colonists, and at time s deal with the depollution and dispossession of the America’s native inhabitants. However frequently the complex nature of America’s prerevolutionary era is left out. Daniel Richter offers a refreshing non-teleological revision by showing that the United StatesRead MoreTo What Extent Have Socialists Disagreed About the Means of Achieving Socialism?948 Words   |  4 Pagessocialists and fundamentalist socialists. Revolutionary socialism is the belief that capitalism can only be overthrown by revolution against the current political system. To them this would inevitably involve the use of violence as a means to achieve what they wish. Evolutionary socialism involves the belief that evolution would lead to socialism as the times had changed and revolution was no longer as fresh in people’s minds and the alternative was that there was an alternative that would benefit theRead MoreThe American Revolution : Thomas Paine Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Buck ley Ms. Michael History, bl 4 19 October 2015 The American Revolution Thomas Paine once said, Everything that is right or reasonable pleads for separation. The blood of the slain, the weeping voice of nature cries, tis time to part. (Paine, Thomas.) This is a quote from Thomas Paine s Common Sense, a fifty page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine about political independence and how the American colonies didn’t need Britain. Thomas Paine is saying that America was experiencing resentmentRead MoreWas The American Civil War An Inevitable?1390 Words   |  6 PagesSabrina Scovino Was the American Civil War an inevitable consequence of the American Revolution? The American Revolution marked significant changes in the political, social, and economic status of the Americans. For a long, time the lives of the Americans were darkened by the British colonial rule. The British government passed several intolerable Acts. For instance, the Massachusetts Government Act was a restriction to town meetings. As a result, the American opponents began collective actionsRead MoreKarl Marx History of Economic Thought1454 Words   |  6 PagesHS11-7,756,1.00 History of Economic Thought Christof Zanecchia 10-992-204 Professor Allgoewer Karl Marx: â€Å"A context for inevitable social revolution† Of particular interest in Rima’s summary and critique of Marx’s background and social/economic contributions is the quote: â€Å"It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social existence that determines their consciousnessRead MoreHow Accurate Is It to Say That Lenin’s Leadership Was the Most Important Reason for the Bolshevik’s Success in the Revolution of November 1917?1413 Words   |  6 PagesHow accurate is it to say that Lenin’s leadership was the most important reason for the Bolshevik’s success in the revolution of November 1917? Lenin’s leadership was to a large extent an important cause of the Bolshevik’s success in the November 1917 revolution. This is because of Lenin’s great leadership skills, including his personality and timing, and his use of propaganda. Other factors to why the Bolsheviks succeeded included Trotsky’s role, which was debatably more important, and the problems

My Interpretation of Islamic Mysticism Free Essays

Raised as a Christian, I were taught by my family to trust the conscience were Jesus would speak to me.   The intuition and the inner voice are other names used by people to describe the conscience.   All the same, the use of the conscience to guide oneself through life’s challenges as well as simple day to day affairs is based on the fact that Jesus were the Spirit of the Lord and the same Spirit resides in each one of us. We will write a custom essay sample on My Interpretation of Islamic Mysticism or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Bearing this in mind, none of us may truly go wrong.   Hence, I have never really believed in strict rules of the Lord to guide me to heaven.   Rather, I trust in the Spirit of the Lord or Jesus Christ who lives in me to guide me in all situations. Imam Birgivi’s mysticism, in addition to the religions of others, have never appealed to me for the reason that they teach strict rules to their followers.   Nevertheless, Birgivi’s chapter, â€Å"On Righteousness,† quotes many verses of the Qur’an which I appreciate just as much as I love the words of Jesus in the Gospels.   Divine words about the Garden are truly a message of hope for all people suffering from the stress of worldly existence.   Birgivi also writes extensively on fear of the Lord. Jesus Christ spoke of this fear as well, although the love of God must be balanced with fear in our emotional lives.   In other words, we cannot excessively fear and love the Lord at the same time.   Moreover, fear of the Lord is essential, especially for those who turn into murderers or terrorists.   Although I believe in freedom that the Spirit of the Lord entitles me to feel – I also believe that fear of the Lord should be an important part of our belief systems, seeing that this fear could keep people from destroying their own lives as well as the lives of others. Birgivi’s chapter, â€Å"On Identifying Evil,† once again leads me to turn to the Sprit of Jesus Christ within me.   Jesus knew when Satan tried to seduce him.   The Lord’s Prayer has taught me to request God to keep me away from temptations.   Jesus also taught his followers to struggle against the devil.   In particular, he taught the believers to shun the devil with their authority – the authority of the Spirit of the Lord.   Thus, I do not wish to fear the devil.   Birgivi writes that we must fear the influence of the devil’s suggestions.   But, I am not convinced by the idea of fearing the devil, seeing that Jesus Christ gave me power over the devil.   I would simply trust in warding off evil thoughts and keeping away from evildoing. Moreover, I would not like to focus on the kinds of doubts that Birgivi asks me to shun.   From everything that I have learned about Jesus Christ, I know that he had the clearest focus and clearest mind.   I would like to develop such a clear focus and mind, instead of thinking about the differences between good and evil suggestions.   I believe that these debates within the self would not allow me to live the life of freedom that the Spirit of the Lord has guided me to live.   Lastly, I am confident that my trust in the Lord should be strong enough to keep me away from evil as it is.   I do not need to learn about the difference between good and evil when the Spirit of the Lord within me is all good and without a trace of evil. References Birgivi, Imam. The Path of Muhammad: A Book on Islamic Morals and Ethics The Last Will and Testament.          How to cite My Interpretation of Islamic Mysticism, Essay examples

Job Satisfaction in the Workplace free essay sample

Brent Meyers stated, as employees demand increases in salary, the cost of producing goods or services also increases. With the unemployment rate where it is today and was, company owners can remain stagnant with his/her current work force as it pertains to wage increases. I believe employees understand that finding employment in this economy can be daunting, and business owners are educated to these thoughts. Another element that plays into job satisfaction is management strategies and personal interaction between managers and company personnel. I recently read an article about new managers and ten mistakes he/she may make. Management: Top 10 New Manager Mistakes. In this article, John F. Reh points out ten critical mistakes new manager make. I believe he is spot on due to shifts in management personnel here at Nypro, my current employer. The first mistake on Johns list is thinking he/she knows everything. Most managers I have come across micromanage his/her team due to lack of trust and believing his/her knowledge is far superior to those working under them. This in turn leaves little room for a team to develop because lack of communication is there between parties. The second leading mistake new managers make is showing everyone whos in charge. With the shift in new management personnel, Im sure everyone knows who the new boss is. Pushing ones weight around, and showing your egos true colors will only lead to resentment and failure to cooperate. This in-turn leads to employee dissatisfaction and most likely, a lack in quality produced products. Third on this list is change everything. Trying to re-invent the wheel will most likely lead to the discomfort of employees. Most people find it hard to change with the times. Most feel comfortable by staying with routine and what he/she knows. Moving individuals out of his/her comfort zone can have a negative impact on performance. With that said though, sometimes change is necessary, considering that our economic system is financially unstable, which in turn is effecting the way companies are doing business in this globalized business world. This list does continues on with negatives that impact job satisfaction, but I would also like to take the time to point out the positive influences managers can have as well. Bauer, T. , amp; Erdogan, B. Organizational Behavior. chapter 12. Throughout this course we have learned the behaviors of individuals in the work place, motivation, stress, communication, etc. Chapter 12, Leading People Within Organizations was an eye opener for me. Some of the most fundamental aspects of managing a team or company has been forgot in my eyes by most managers in this current job market. I believe today, employees are missing the People orientated leaders. By definition, People Orientated Leaders are those that show concern for employee feelings and treating employees with respect and consideration. Bauer amp; Erdogan pg. 290. ) Managers of today in my mind follow Theory X which states employees are lazy, do not enjoy working, and will avoid expending energy on work whenever possible. ( Bauer amp; Erdogan pg. 291. ) I clearly stated earlier that companies are struggling to return to a high standing in profitability due to a failing economy. By saying this, managers need to find ways to justify c uts and spending within an organization. So how do they go about making such cut? By having an assertive attitude and pointing the finger at employees. I dont believe theory X is completely wrong, some workers in our companies are indeed lazy and do not want to expend energy on task provided, but I think if the managers of today were just as concerned with his/her workforce by being Open, Conscientious, Sociable, and Agreeable, as he/she is about profits and the stakeholders, the organizational environment may have a more fruitful existence along with a boost in productivity. [Bauer, T. , amp; Erdogan pg. 286. ] Lisa M. Saari amp; Timothy a. Judge Case study Employee Attitudes And Job Satisfaction. s an analysis of three major gaps between HR practice and scientific research in the area of employee attitudes in general and the most focal employee attitude in particular- job satisfaction: 1) the cause of employee attitudes, 2) the result of positive or negative job satisfaction, and 3) how to measure and influence employee attitudes. [Saari amp; Judge] Gap-1 The Cause of Employee Attitudes The first gap focuses on employee persona lities, cultural influences, and work situation influences. A study on dispositional influences found that childhood temperament was statistically related to adult job satisfaction up to 40 years later. (Staw, Bell, amp; Clausen, 1986) Further studies have shown that job satisfaction stems from a individuals disposition or temperament. (Shane, amp; Herald, 1996) Despite the findings of these individuals Erez states that one of the limitations in this literature is that it is not yet informative as to how exactly dispositions affect job satisfaction. Erez, 1994) The researchers do say there is a correlation between job satisfaction, but know that organizations cannot directly impact employee personalities. So companies take different measures by placing employee into jobs that best suit him/her, and in-turn, improve employee attitudes. Cultural influences is another hot topic in this globalized job market. With the United States being the melting pot of the world, cross cultural workforces are inevitable. A study performed by Hofstede stated that there are four cross-cultural dimensions, (1) Individualism- collectivism; (2) uncertainty avoidance versus risk taking; (3) Power distance; (4) masculinity/femininity. (Hofstede, 1980) The importance of HR to understand these four cross-cultural factors is detrimental to the adjustment of different cultural attitudes within an organization. [Hofstede] The last portions of gap-1 is Work Situation Influence. This to me is one if not the most important factor of job satisfaction, is the nature of the work itself satisfying. Also, these surveys provide data that a company can use to pinpoint problem areas within the organization. Nypro uses such surveys via internet to determine employee job satisfaction, would you recommend a relative or friend to work at Nypro, and are you satisfied with the work provided, question like that. This case study concludes its research with the view that more in-depth study is needed to measure the impact that employee attitudes have on an organization. Furthermore, this research will dive deeper into the understanding of relationships between employee attitudes and business performance. This in-turn will Assist HR professionals as they strive to enhance the essential people side of the business in a highly competitive, global arena. Lisa M. [Saari amp; Timothy a. Judge] I believe this case study pointed out some very strong facts that dictate a positive or negative attitude as it pertains to job satisfaction. Although the work performed was a focal point for this research and how it plays into a fruitful work environment. Managers attitude, friendship in the workplace, and economic stability, should have been focal points too of their research. I believe these three key factors play just as much a role in job satisfaction and employee attitudes as any other facet of a work environment. Understanding not just the employee and his/her personality, but the scope of the work environment, and management personnel that govern action among employees, will surely improve employee performance, attitude, and overall wellbeing of a companys workforce. In conclusion, I chose this topic out of the many provided because job satisfaction in the work place has become a sore subject to discuss among co-workers in recent years. Since I have been in the manufacturing industry, I have heard talk of the business not being what it used to be. Employees are dissatisfied with the way companies in the manufacturing sector of business treat their employees. People dont feel a sense of job security, are overworked, understaffed, and underpaid. In this declining economy, companies that once saw rising profits, now find themselves making cut anywhere they can. This of course will impact the companys workforce itself. My degree pertains to management, and although there is areas of the business that are hard to control at the time, price of natural resources, conomic stability of the firm, competitors prices, and wages for employees, does not mean that managers have to forget fundamental areas he/she can control, company functions for staff members, personal interaction with the workforce, and letters or emails of praise to employees. I understand the financial collapse of the economy in 2008-2009 hurt a lot of firms, and those firms are still recovering from unethical acts performed by banks, wall street, and government personnel, but lets not forget that the way we treat our employees has a huge impact on, production, employee morals, customer satisfaction, and the firm itself. I hope to one day be in a management position so that I can make a difference in employees lives as it pertains to his/her work environment. I want to lend an ear, be open, be passive and assertive to get task done, and most importantly, understand that the backbone of the organization lies within a happy and productive employee. During my journey through this course, Organizational Behavior, I have learned the importance of understanding people from the standpoint of work ethic, cultural differences, and how different personalities play into how a organization blends its population and functions as a team. Although the book covers managing and leading people within organizations, proper decision making skills, and the political aspect of power within companies. I believe an effective manager that is trying to create job satisfaction for his/her workforce needs personal people skill, and an understanding of cultural differences. I believe these fundamental characteristics, especially people skill, are sorely lacking in todays job market of managers. The main focus of most managers today seems to lie with the financial wellbeing of the company rather than having a balance between finances and employee welfare. This course has taught me how to interact with people on a professional level. Sure, I may not get along with everyone and may not have all the answers when I am a manager, but treating everyone with dignity and respect far outweighs ones ability to make the bottom line look good. Besides, without a mentally healthy workforce, profits and success could be far out

Big poetry unit quizlet! Flashcard

Big poetry unit quizlet!

Power Structures in Early Rome

Power Structures in Early Rome Hierarchy: The family was the basic unit in ancient Rome. The father, who headed the family, is said to have held the power of life and death over his dependents. This arrangement was repeated in the overarching political structures but was moderated by the voice of the people. It Started With a King at the Top As the clans resting upon a family basis were the constituent elements of the state, so the form of the body-politic was modelled after the family both generally and in detail.~ Mommsen The political structure changed over time. It started with a monarch, the king or rex. The king was not always a Roman but could be Sabine or Etruscan. The 7th and final king, Tarquinius Superbus, was an Etruscan who was removed from office by some of the leading men of the state. Lucius Junius Brutus, an ancestor of the Brutus who helped assassinate Julius Caesar and usher in the age of emperors, led the revolt against the kings. With the king gone (he and his family fled to Etruria), the top power holders became the two annually-elected consuls, and then later, the emperor who, to some extent, reinstated the role of the king.This is a look at the power structures at the beginning of Romes (legendary) history. Familia: The basic unit of Roman life was the familia family, consisting of the father, mother, children, slaves, and clients, under a paterfamilias father of the family who was responsible for making sure the family worshiped its household gods (Lares, Penates, and Vesta) and ancestors. The power of the early paterfamilias was, in theory, absolute: he could even execute or sell his dependents into slavery.Gens: Descendants in the male line either by blood or adoption are members of the same gens. The plural of a gens is gentes. There were several families in each gens. Patron and Clients: Clients, who included in their number manumitted slaves, were under the protection of the patron. Although most clients were free, they were under the paterfamilias-like power of the patron. A modern parallel of the Roman patron is the sponsor who helps with newly arrived immigrants.Plebeians:The early plebeians were the common people. Some plebeians had once been slaves-turned-clients who then became completely free, under state protection. As Rome gained territory in Italy and granted citizenship rights, the number of Roman plebeians increased. Kings: The king was the head of the people, chief priest, a leader in war, and the judge whose sentence couldnt be appealed. He convened the Senate. He was accompanied by 12 lictors who carried a bundle of rods with a symbolic death-wielding ax in the center of the bundle (the fasces). However much power the king had, he could be kicked out. After the expulsion of the last of the Tarquin kings, the 7 kings of Rome were remembered with such hatred that there were never again kings in Rome. Senate: The council of fathers (who were heads of the early great patrician houses) made up the Senate. They had lifetime tenure and served as an advisory council for the kings. Romulus is thought to have named 100 men senators. By the time of Tarquin the Elder, there may have been 200. He is thought to have added another hundred, making the number 300 until the time of Sulla. When there was a period between kings, an interregnum, the Senators took temporary power. When a new king was picked, given imperium by the Assembly, the new king was sanctioned by the Senate. Comitia Curiata: The earliest assembly of free Roman men was called the Comitia Curiata. It was held in the comitium area of the forum. The curiae (the plural of curia) were based on the 3 tribes, Ramnes, Tities, and Luceres. Curiae contained several gens with a common set of festivals and rites, as well as shared ancestry. Each curia had one vote based on the majority of the votes of its members. The assembly met when called by the king. It could accept or reject a new king. It had the power to deal with foreign states and could grant a change in citizenship status. It witnessed religious acts, as well. Comitia Centuriata: Following the end of the regal period, the Assembly of the people could hear appeals in capital cases. They annually elected rulers and had the power of war and peace. This was a different Assembly from the earlier tribal one and was the result of a re-division of the people. It was called the Comitia Centuriata because it was based on the centuries used to supply soldiers to the legions. This new Assembly did not entirely replace the old one, but the comitia curiata had much-reduced functions. It was responsible for confirmation of the magistrates. Early Reforms: The army was made up of 1000 infantry and 100 horsemen from each of the 3 tribes. Tarquinius Priscus doubled this, then Servius Tullius reorganized the tribes into property-based groupings and increased the size of the army. Servius divided the city into 4 tribal districts, the Palatine, Esquiline, Suburan, and Colline. Servius Tullius may have created some of the rural tribes, as well. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. This is the redistribution of the people that led to the change in the comitia. Power: For the Romans, power (imperium) was almost a tangible. Having it made you superior to others. It was also a relative thing that could be given to someone or removed. There were even symbols the lictors and their faces the powerful man used so those around him could immediately see that he was filled with power. Imperium was originally the lifelong power of the king. After the kings, it became the power of the consuls. There were 2 consuls who shared imperium for a year and then stepped down. Their power was not absolute, but they were like dual annually-elected kings.imperium militiaeDuring war, consuls had the power of life and death and their lictors carried axes in their fasces bundles. Sometimes a dictator was appointed for 6 months, holding absolute power.imperium domiIn peace the authority of the consuls could be challenged by the assembly. Their lictors left the axes out of the fasces within the city. Historicity: Some of the ancient writers of the period of the Roman kings are Livy, Plutarch, and Dionysius of Halicarnassus, all of whom lived centuries after the events. When the Gauls sacked Rome in 390 B.C. more than a century after Brutus deposed Tarquinius Superbus the historical records were at least partially destroyed. T.J. Cornell discusses the extent of this destruction, both in his own and in by F. W. Walbank and A. E. Astin. As a result of the destruction, however devastating or not, the information about the earlier period is unreliable.

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta Research Paper

A Comparison of Athens and Sparta - Research Paper Example It was at this time that Athens emerged as the most powerful of the city states. The city emerged as the cultural capital of the entire Greek world and it was the cradle of contemporary western science and philosophy. The Athenian empire reached its zenith during Pericles’s life time. The city was full of splendor and Athenians themselves believed it to be the ‘City of God’. On the other hand, Sparta represented to a totally different world. It had its own philosophy about administration, military, education and marriage. It also differed from Athens on ideas about the nature of relationship with other Greek empires. Although Sparta was a strong military state, it was content to remain in its territory and didn’t indulge in warfare for acquisitions of new territories. On the other hand, Athens had expansionist policies. It wanted to get hold of more and more Greek territories. This expansionist policy of Athens, proposed by Pericles, led to war between the two states which ended with the defeat of Athens. Athens suffered defeat at the hands of Sparta. Although Athenians were world renowned for their superior naval units, they succumbed to the Spartan military expertise. The reason for Spartan victory can be attributed to the upbringing and training of the Spartan soldiers. This demands an in-depth investigation into the similarities and dissimilarities of the two states. The Spartans differed from Athenians in many ways. The main points around which the commonalties or differences between the two states can be discussed are Economy, Art, Lifestyle, Women, Military and Sexuality. The economic or financial policies of a nation or state depend on the nature of politics prevalent in the country. Athens and Sparta were similar on this feature because both the state’s governments were elected by people. While the Athenian government pioneered the democratic system, Sparta was a military aristocracy (McNesse, 31). In Athens, participa tion came from all walks of life. Although there were restrictions on women, men were free to discuss new ideas in the assembly. On the other hand, Sparta had much more inflexible political framework. Its own ideologies and policies made Sparta politically and economically less active. Out of the two, Athens was more economically active. It was at the centre of a great trading network that dealt with goods from as far the Britain in the west to India in the east, bringing untold wealth into the city. This trade and Athens’s expansionist ambitions led to the building of Athenian naval empire which stretched across the Aegean Sea. Agriculture was the mainstay of Athenian economy. It also prospered because of the profits brought by mining and metal crafts. As said earlier, trade also played an important part in Athens’ economy. This is a feature where there lie stark differences between the two empires. In Sparta, economic activities were carried outside the city while th ere was no such thing with Athens. Sparta also lacked a currency system, a system which was very well developed in Athens. This meant that Sparta not only had very less interaction with the outside world, it also lay dormant as far as trade was concerned. Art is a dimension where the two empires Athens and Sparta differed a lot. During the period of coexistence of Sparta and Athens, Athens produced some of the greatest sculptors and philosophers of all time. Socrates, Phidias and Plato were philosophers who still represent the immortal soul of Greek and art and Philosophy. On the other hand, Sparta was only concerned with its military glory. Although early Sparta produces marvelous pottery, it was no match to Athenian art and mathematics.

The Things They Carried Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Things They Carried - Essay Example The main thing that we learn about Jimmy Cross at the beginning of the story is that he is a romantic, and that there is one specific girl that Jimmy finds himself infatuated with. Unfortunately, a person in the position that Jimmy was in cannot afford to be a romantic who daydreams constantly about a girl back home. The extent to which he values these letters, which aren‘t really even love letters, can be shown in the care he takes of them: â€Å"he would dig his foxhole, wash his hands under a canteen, unwrap the letters, hold them with the tips of his fingers, and spend the last hour of light pretending† (O’Brien, 2). From the extreme care that he takes of the letters, we can see that they are highly prized possessions. He is obviously infatuated with the girl as he wonders if â€Å"Martha was a virgin† (2). Despite the contents of the letter obviously lacking in any sort of romantic intent from Martha, Jimmy Cross is obviously thinking about a future wi th this girl once he gets back from Vietnam. It is this distraction that leads Cross to making the mistakes that he does in the story. Because of his distraction, the soldier, Ted Lavender, is shot. The author describes Jimmy’s distraction by stating â€Å"Lieutenant Cross gazed at the tunnel. But he was not there. He was buried with Martha under the white sand at the Jersey shore† (12). Cross was supposed to be in charge of the platoon, and he was supposed to keep his men safe. He could hardly pay attention to the extent that he needed to and think about Martha to the extent that he did. He realizes that he is to blame for Lavender’s death: â€Å"He had loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender was now dead† (16). If nothing had happened, then the argument could be made that his daydreaming was harmless, though this is obviously not the case. While this particular death would have been

Critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor Essay

Critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the outdoor learning environment in the UK's Early Years - Essay Example According to Watson (2000) the significance of childhood education cannot be underestimated since it may shape most character traits and behavior a child adopts (34). In childhood education two factors are usually considered. One is the gender difference between children and the different adaptation skills of both genders (CCEA, 2003; 56). Second is the involvement of outdoor activities in the early childhood education curriculum. It is a common thought that boys adapt faster to outdoor activities than girls. At an early age boys tend to have an adventurous trait which is absent in most girls (Tymms, Merrell & Henderson, 2000; 102). In words by Costello (2000) boys have a dire need for acquiring education than girls (87). The author further argues that boys tend to react well to the introduction to the education system well than girls. However, this depends on the activities involved in the curriculum implemented. In an argument by Leavers (2000) girls acquire more skills in indoor a ctivities than boys (67). Girls at this early age tend to avoid physical activities due to their sexuality. Sylva, Siraj-Blatchford & Taggart (2003) argue that the modern day girl child is more connected to their sexuality at an early and this hinders their participation in physical outdoor (97). As much there is so much opposition on the outdoor activities being involved in the curriculum, there are numerous advantages of the system. In words by Sproule et.al (2003) outdoor learning stretches the imaginative range of a child (112). This is because outdoor activities and learning involve a lot of imaginative and creative thinking activities. A child is exposed to a world where they can relate to the natural environment. This according to Sproule et.al (2002) makes their spirit become more jovial and free (107). Additionally, the physical activities aid in the development of a child’s cognitive abilities. Their psychology is given a boost in terms of strength and length of the ir thinking capacity. Another advantage of the outdoor education system is that it gives a child the best opportunity to realize their talent at an early age (Sheehy et.al, 2000; 123). This is because outdoor activities allow a child to explore more and apply their abilities at different angles (Leavers, 2000; 34). Disadvantages of outdoor education system revolve around denying a child the opportunity to grow their formal education knowledge faster and at an early age. In words by Moyles, Adams & Musgrove (2002) it is important for a child to have an early and effective formal education system since the system will be used all through their lives (90). The author further argues that this makes it important for them to adapt to the system earlier before they develop their complete mental and psychological abilities. In a nation like Sweden, the early childhood curriculum is based on the involvement of the outdoor environment. The curriculum bases its formal education on tangible and enjoyable factors in the outdoor environment (Claxton & Carr, 2004; 111). This move has been highly praised by educationalist and theorist by arguing that this is the best way that a child could acquire enough intelligence and knowledge at their age. Another hailed inclusion of this education system is the involvement of the forest schools. In words by Leavitt, Tonniges & Rogers (2003) the exposure of children to the natural en

Components and Functions of the Synapse

Components and Functions of the Synapse B. The connection between two neurons is called a synapse, a term derived from the Latin word that means â€Å"to grasp.† The synapse consists of many components that are essential to the flow of information from one neuron to another. Through an outline of these components, we can begin to understand how processes such as synaptic transmission are possible. In regards to our understanding of the synapse, it is important to note the accomplishments of Charles Scott Sherrington and his initial work that first outlined the basic properties of the synapse. One of the properties, reflexes, or automatic muscular responses to stimuli was demonstrated by pinching a dogs leg in his experiments. Sherrington demonstrated that a short delay occurs before the dog flexes the pinched leg and extends the others. This finding is important because he discovered that transmission through the reflex arc is slower than transmission through an equivalent length of axon. This led him to conclude that the delay must occur where one neuron communicates with another, a concept he introduced as a synapse. Sherringtons work outlines other basic properties of the synapse such as temporal and spatial summation. Temporal summation is a concept where a single stimulus (a single pinch) is too weak to reach threshold to produce an action potential in the postsynaptic neuron. When stimuli occur in succession (i.e., pinching the dogs foot several times), however, the combined effect can be enough to produce an action potential, thereby causing a reflex. With spatial summation, several stimuli occurring at different points on the body combine their effects on a neuron. By pinching multiple places on a dogs body, for example, the combined effect can be enough to produce a reflex. Sherrington work also infers the property of inhibitory synapses. This is a concept where after a reflex (action potential) occurs, hyperpolarization causes the cell to become more negative, therefore making it difficult for another action potential to immediately occur. As technology has improved, so has our understanding of the mechanisms of the synapse. Before we can understand the components and functioning of the synapse, however, it is important to first consider neurons. Neurons have the responsibility of producing all of our movements, thoughts, memories, and emotions. There are four major types of neurons: motor neurons, sensory, interneurons, and projection neurons. Each of these neurons shares a common structure and function. For example, the soma, or cell body, contains the cells nucleus, most of the cytoplasm, and structures that convert nutrients into energy and eliminate waste materials for each of these neurons. This quality is not unique, however, as this is also a component of any cell in the body. The quality that separates neurons from other cells are dendrites, extensions that branch out from the soma to receive information from other neurons, and axons, which extend like a tail from the cell body and carries information to other locations. Branches at the end of the axon culminate in swellings called bulbs or terminals. The terminals contain chemical neurotransmitters, which the neuron releases to communicate with a muscle or an organ or the next neuron in the chain. As introduced earlier, the connection between two neurons is called a synapse, a site where most communication among neurons occurs. To clarify the function and purpose of the synapse, it is important to understand the sequence of major chemical events that occur at the synapse. At the site of the cell body, neurons synthesize chemicals that serve as neurotransmitters, specifically peptide neurotransmitters. The neuron then transports the peptide neurotransmitters to the axon terminals. Action potentials then travel down the axon where at the presynaptic terminal, the action potential enables calcium to enter the cell. The calcium then releases neurotransmitters from the terminals and into the synaptic cleft (the space between the presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons). Next, the neurotransmitter binds to the receptor, diffusing across the cleft and altering the activity of the postsynaptic neuron. This alteration also causes the neurotransmitter molecules to separate from their recep tors. Finally, reuptake of the neurotransmitter occurs, recycling neurotransmitters back into the presynaptic neuron. All of these events lead a successful transmission at the point of the synapse. There are different types of synapses used in the flow of information from neuron to neuron. Axodendritic synapses, synapses of axon terminal buttons on dendrites, terminate on dendritic spines, small synaptic buds that cover the surfaces of many dendrites. Also common are axosomatic synapses, synapses of axon terminal buttons on somas. Although axodendritic and axosomatic synapses are the most common synaptic arrangements, there are several others. For example, there are dendrodendritic synapses, which are capable of transmission in either direction; and there are axoaxonal synapses, which can mediate presynaptic inhibition. Also, there are directed synapses, synapses at which the site of neurotransmitter release and the site of neurotransmitter reception are in close proximity. This is a common arrangement, but, there are also many nondirected synapses in the nervous system. Nondirected synapses are synapses at which the site of release is at some distance from the site of receptio n. In this type of arrangement, neurotransmitter molecules are released from a series of varicosities along the axon and its branches and thus are widely dispersed to surrounding targets. Because of their appearance, these synapses are often referred to as string-of-beads synapses. In conclusion, with the initial contributions of Sherrington and with what is known about neurotransmission today, we have been able to outline the basic components and functions of the synapse. The synapse, in turn, is an essential component for the transmission of neurons, which enables the human body to respond to events in the environment. By acting as a â€Å"bridge† between the neurons, the synapse is helping to control human movements, thoughts, memories, and emotions. The synapse is truly a necessary component in the human body.

Essay --

Buddhism is one of biggest and influential religions. Buddhism has own teachings and ethics which are different from other religions. It also has traditional holidays which are still continued. Buddhism's source and Buddha’s story are interesting so it has many believers. The numbers of Buddhists are still increasing, and Buddhism grows bigger today. 2. What is Buddhism? There are 350 million Buddhists on the world. Many people study spirit of Buddhism, and Buddhism requires deep study. 2.1 Basic information of Buddhism Buddhism's basic emphasis is to practice meditation and to develop spirit. Buddhism teaches practical methods and gives a lot of example of answer that helps to solve human's problems in society. It emphasizes to find true purpose of human life and happiness and researches to understand deeply and psychologically about human mind. Buddhists also do not worship and study about any other God or divinities. They even do not worship Buddha who is creator of Buddhism. They sometimes go to a temple and bow down to a statue which has smiling. It is just an expression of thanks for the teaching of Buddha. Buddhists think Buddha is ideal person so try to resemble him. They always practice to get highest quality of personality and spirit like Buddha. 2.2 Meditation There are many different types of Buddhism, but all of that are based on practice of meditation. Meditation is major activity of Buddhists. It is a time to develop spirit and mind. When Buddhists meditate in a house or a temple, they believe that meditation helps to find peace in mind and gives positive energy and happiness. They have meditation time like a habit. The other goal of Buddhists is to understand reality of nature and the finish of suffering. ... ...sm today Buddhism is one of suitable religion for modern people’s life. People want to be relaxed and have peaceful life in competition of society. It increases numbers of people who practice meditation and study Buddhism. Buddhists say that meditation gives happiness in suffering life. It makes many people try to practice meditation. There are also many Buddhist centers and meditation festivals. It is easy to find and experience Buddhism culture. Especially, South Korea has long history of Buddhism so there are many Buddhist architectures and arts which are highly acclaimed. Buddhism is effective religion, also it is artistic culture. 8. Conclusion Buddhism has a lot of study and teaching. Its teaching and culture are very unique. It also has different own views and ethics, so it is still continued. Buddha’s Buddhism is a history and deep-rooted religion.